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Arthrosis

The surfaces of the bones that form the articulation are covered by a special iain - smooth cartilage, providing the lower friction force during the motor skills of the joint surfaces.If arthrosis is diagnosed, this means that cartilage is about to destruction.

Progressuola, the destructive process applies to the bones and therefore to the joint capsule.The disease has a universal code according to ICD 10-M15-M19, calculating it to the class of pathologies of muscle tissues and bone connectives.

According to medical statistics, 12% of the world population suffers from osteoarthritis, most of whom are elderly, 65 years old.However, every year there is an alarming tendency to increase the number of young people.The diagnosis is not fatal, but arthrosis is insidious with its recurrence and the threat of complete disability.

The mechanism of occurrence

The disease gradually develops, four phases can be distinguished conditionally:

  1. Initially, an area that is poorly equipped with blood or damaged appears in the cartilage area.Gradually, in the presence of traumatic factors, the region is not restored, but, on the contrary, it grows.
  2. The body, trying to restore the destructive cartilage, replaces damaged areas to a mineralized tissue that does not have a clear structure.This fabric is, in general, with a lower replacement for the cartilage ialina smooth, smooth and elastic.
  3. Gradually, the surface of the cartilage becomes in scars and bone flows - osteophytes.
  4. The healthy areas of the load have increased several times, they are worn very quickly and, consequently, the entire cartilage turns into a large scar.

If the pathological process is not interrupted, the articulation will undergo the following adverse changes:

  • The bones are involved in the process of destruction;
  • The synovial shell is inflamed;
  • The joint capsule becomes more dense, losing its elasticity;
  • The lumen of the joint gap decreases rapidly;
  • The bones, without resistance, are deformed, like the articulation as a whole;
  • The fabrics of the joint are reborn, so there is a complete loss of the possibility of movement.

Types of arthrosis

Normal joint and arthrosis

This disease absolutely affects any joint surfaces!At the same time, despite the same pathology mechanism, it is classified in different types.

So, depending on the joints, they distinguish:

  • arthrosis of the joint of the knee or arthrosis PatelloFMorale (abbreviated gonartrosis);
  • arthrosis of the hip joint (abbreviated coxartrosis);
  • arthrosis of the shoulder joint;
  • osteoarthritis interface;
  • arthrosis of the ankle joint;
  • osteoarthritis of the hands;
  • Cervical arthrosis;
  • arthrosis of the jaw;
  • arthrosis of the Plusnephalanx articulation;
  • Iliar arthrosis;
  • keyboard acrocomial arthrosis;
  • temporal arthrosis;
  • arthrosis of the heel;
  • Arcruata arthrosis that affects the arc processes of the vertebrae (abbreviated spondylartrosis);
  • arthrosis of the joint of the joints of the joints of the spine;
  • Artrosis Unkovevertural;
  • arthrosis with premises of the ribs;
  • Arthosis Taran-Plastic.

According to the details of the pathological process in the cartilage tissue, they distinguish:

  • The deformation of osteoarthritis is the name of the disease that has passed in the terminal phase (final);
  • Artrosartritte - The presence of the classical inflammatory process is characteristic;
  • chronic;
  • Acute arthrosis.

For the reasons for the occurrence of the pathology, they distinguish:

  • arthrosis dystrophic of the joints associated with a critical metabolic disorder;
  • The arthrosis of the fracture is caused by appropriate injuries;
  • Post -traumatic arthrosis.

There is another classification: if the disease is independent or caused by provocative factors:

  • Primary, presents itself on a completely healthy cartilage, another name - idiopathic arthrosis, or appears with age -related senile changes;
  • Secondary, - caused by many reasons.

Symptoms of arthrosis

There are rather typical signs of arthrosis of all locations, which, depending on the degree of development of the pathology, differ in their gravity:

  • pain, pain, intensify with high humidity and hypothermia;
  • decrease in joint mobility;
  • crunchy, creaking and crossing sounds in the movements of the joint surfaces;
  • external changes in the articulation profile;
  • swelling and swelling;
  • redness of the skin.

Pain

The initial signs of violations are felt by weak or moderate pain in the short term, which almost never occurs at night, but usually only appears with a load on the joint surface.

When the inflammatory processes have moved to its final phase, the patient begins to feel unbearable, the pain "gnawing" due to the stagnation of the blood and the increase in pressure in the joint bag.The pain is characterized by a long duration, at any time of the day and regardless of the fact that the area concerned is in the rest or moving.

Sowing of the joint

This symptom is characteristic of a fairly neglected disease.At the same time, in the early stages, the patient still feels in the morning, after waking up, unease when he moves in the form of a feeling of a bond.

With the progression of destructive reactions, the patient notes:

  • restriction of the amplitude of the usual movements;
  • the inability to change the position of the resting limbs, even by making attempts to manually strengthen the articulation;
  • Strong fixation (contracture) in a certain position of the joint, which for a long time was in a state of lack of motor activity.

In the end, in the fourth phase of the pathology, the ankylosis is formed in the form of replacement of the joint tissues with scars, with a complete loss of functionality.

Sounds in the joint

A crunch can be accompanied by any dysfunction of bones and cartilage, not only caused by osteoarthritis.

However, this disease is a characteristic that I sound:

  • It only arises in the articulation that hurts;
  • accompanied by movement difficulties;
  • It has the ability to intensify with the progression of the pathology and falls on the formation of ankylosis.

Changing the appearance of the joint

Obvious changes appear in the subsequent stages.Therefore, the axis of the limb concerned is curved and the joint region itself is disfigured: it grows in size, the shape is ugly modified.

All this indicates the irreversible destruction of the joint, within which a new fabric has not formed, not having a certain structure.

If such a pathogen has occurred in the knee, it means that the loading and plusplange joints will increase the load on the ankle joints, which will also damage them over time.

The causes of osteoarthritis

The pathology can occur both in a single articulation and spread to different.This disease is less likely to occur at a young age: vitality is still sufficient for cars -bodyneror of the body.

However, for all age groups, the causes of influence in their direction are: there are:

  • Interior - Some diseases, bad habits, unbalanced nutrition, etc.;
  • External injuries, - a professional factor.

The internal causes are causing a negative change in joint factors in the form of joint inflammation.Distinguish between inflammations of various origins:

  • Infectious (intestinal wand and Koch wand, viruses, chlamydia, staphylococci, pale treponema, etc.);
  • rheumatism;
  • Purulent arthritis;
  • Autoimmune nature;
  • gout;
  • psoriasis.

In addition, the causes of internal exposure include congenital or acquired violations of the structure of the tissue and malnutrition of the cartilage, which can be associated with:

  • malfunctions and genetic mutations;
  • intrauterine development anomalies, including perinatal lesions;
  • old age;
  • osteoporosis, that is, "limbing" from the bone tissue of the components of the elements;
  • hormonal and overload disorders, including menopause;
  • violations of normal metabolism;
  • disadvantage in the nutrition of vitamins and trace elements;
  • diseases that attract muscle weakness;
  • Prolonged internal intoxication.

The aggravation of many diseases of the musculoskeletal skeleton also involves the degeneration of the cartilage.

The external causes of the development of the disease are these factors that damage the articulation as:

  • frequent hypothermia;
  • dislocations;
  • strong blows;
  • Fractures;
  • Menisc injections;
  • strong physical activity (weight lifting, for example);
  • professional sports;
  • Surgical joint intervention.

Degree of arthrosis

According to clinical manifestations and the process of progression of the disease, four phases of arthrosis are distinguished:

  1. Artosis of the 1st degree, this is the initial phase of osteoarthritis, which is characterized by symptoms hidden in the form of negative changes in the composition of the synovial fluid and the weakening of muscle fibers, if it appears, only with physical effort;
  2. The osteoarthritis of the 2nd degree: this is already a feeling of pain due to the destructive articulation of the bones and the formation of osteophytes, the reflected neurotrophic regulation is disturbed and an audible crunch appears;
  3. The arthrosis of the 3rd degree is characterized by significant degenerative changes in the articulation, by its deformation visible with the curvature of the axis of the limb, the ligament is shortened and the articulation becomes pathologically mobile;
  4. The arthrosis of the 4th degree is the complete ankylosis, the complete contracture and the serious pain even at rest.

All four phases proceed in a non -uniform way: during the pathological period, clear exacerbations and moments of remission are possible.

Treatment of osteoarthritis

Clinically it has shown that treatment and prevention in the form of eliminating the provocative factors of damage to the cartilage IALINA, although they do not eliminate the disease in the initial phase, but stop its development and restore the functionality of the joint.

Basically, the disease of small and moderate gravity is treated with conservative methods.In the case of a serious destruction of the cartilage, which involved the destruction of the bones, surgical endoprothetics is indicated.

In addition, the basic principle in treatment is:

  • A global approach that implies the use of different therapeutic methods;
  • Intentionism, that is, the concentration of efforts on the elimination of the disease that cause the disease and the consequences.

Treatment with popular remedies

It is treated in a complete way, but at home you can also resort to the healing recipes of people healers who offer effective treatment of health problems through herbs and beekeeping products.

From plants they use:

  • Bay leaf in the form of decoctions, tinctures on vodka and oil specially prepared used externally, directly in the area of inflammation;
  • The treatment of arthrosis with honey has established itself as a reliable local potion, in the form of a tire removed the inflammation and nourish the skin, muscles and cartilage;
  • Cabbage leaf - better than white cabbage - is a little kneaded and envelop it with a sore point, isolated with a wool fabric at the top and keep all night;
  • Aloe juice in the form of compressing and rubbing on the skin;

It also helps with the knee joint arthrosis base: the sheet is well banned at the sore point, which is isolated all night.

Prepared for arthrosis

The pharmacological treatment related to the classic method of therapy is divided, depending on the form of dosage used, in drugs:

  • External use, in the form of ointment for arthrosis, rubbing, lotions;
  • injections;
  • Arthrosis pills;
  • Capsules.

Ointments

The pharmacological industry produces medical ointments based on natural and highly active components:

  • Vishnevsky ointment;
  • Eparin ointment.

The Vesten tool containing 1% of Diclofenac helps well: Voltaren in the form of gel is applied on the skin.

Injections

The injections not only intravenous and intramuscularly, but also directly in the area of damage, for example, the drugs of the non -steroid group have proven to be very well in the treatment.

Therefore, intra -articular injections are introduced into damaged joint tissues:

  • Glucocorticoids that improve the nutrition of the cartilage tissue that relieves inflammation and increase elasticity - Diprospan, hydrocortisone, etc.
  • Condroprotectors and analogues of the intra -articular fluid, - Sobborn, carbon;
  • Hyaluronic acid as lubricant and analgesic.

Preparations in the form of tablets and capsules

The chondroprotectors thus called for arthrosis containing structural elements of IALIN cartilage are in medicinal therapy and therefore restoring it.

These drugs are produced in the form of tablets and capsules intended for oral administration through the gastrointestinal tract (orally).In addition, patients are prescribed the fans -anti -inflammatory pharmacs for the arthrosis of the non -steroid group, stopping acute pain and relieved exacerbations.

Anesthetic agents are also used in the form of a block of novocaine.

Furthermore, complex vitamins for arthrosis prescribes.

From natural drug drugs, medical bile is recommended, applied in the form of compositions on the skin.

EXERCISES FOR HARTROSI

Special exercises and therapeutic gymnastics (exercise therapy), whose complex gives physical activity on the unhealthy part of the body sparingly, have proven to be.

Dr. Bubnovsky and Evdokimenko have developed their complexes of therapeutic exercises.

Massage with arthrosis

Very beneficial affects the treatment and medical massage, which improves the microcirculation and nutrition of deep tissues.

Diet with arthrosis

In this state, it is important to adhere to correct and rational nutrition in order to slightly improve the patient's condition.The abstinence recommended by the excess of food, exclusion of animal fats and fried foods.

Which doctor drives everything first with pain in the joints of the bones should go to the therapist.It was he who, having summarized the patient's story and asking him in detail, will give a postponement to the desired narrow specialist.

It may be, depending on the cause of the disease and its type, the doctors of these profiles such as:

  • orthopedic;
  • traumatologist;
  • surgeon;
  • rheumatologist.